About this disease
What it is about
It is an inflammation of the lung tissue and/or the alveoli. In most cases, pneumonia results from an infection with pathogens such as bacteria or, less frequently, viruses, fungi or mycobacteria (tuberculosis). Bacteria of the species Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly referred to as pneumococci, are the most common bacterial triggers of pneumonia. Worldwide, so-called community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is one of the most common fatal infectious diseases.
Types
The increasing number of resistant pathogens, i.e. bacteria against which most antibiotics are no longer effective, makes pneumonia even more dangerous and represents a serious problem worldwide. Researchers around the globe are working to develop new vaccines and therapies. Pneumonia in the setting of COVID-19 disease is also a specific subtype of pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia is difficult to treat and can cause very severe courses with severe oxygen deprivation.
Symptoms and consequences
Common complaints of pneumonia include unilateral chest pain, cough with sputum, and fever. In patients with immunodeficiency, however, the symptoms may be just general weakness, fatigue or confusion. Pneumonia or bronchial obstruction can be caused not only by pathogens but also by frequent swallowing.
What we do for you
Examination and diagnosis
In order to diagnose pneumonia, an X-ray or computer tomography (CT) scan and a blood test are usually performed in addition to a physical examination. In more complicated cases or in severe courses, a bronchoscopy can also be performed. In case of additional infection of the pleura, surgical treatment may also be necessary.
Treatment
As a rule, pneumonia is treated with one or more antibiotics. In the case of mild pneumonia, treatment can also be carried out at home. In more severe cases, a stay in hospital with additional oxygen administration or even circulatory support in the intensive care unit is necessary. Physiotherapeutic measures such as respiratory gymnastics can help to positively influence the course of the disease. With a special vaccination, the pneumococcal vaccination, one can protect oneself against the most common pathogen of pneumonia.